What Countries Have Free Healthcare?
So, which countries have free healthcare systems? Well, few countries offer completely free healthcare services. However, most developed countries offer government-funded universal healthcare systems to citizens and residents where most services are free, or low cost.
The United States is a notable exception of a highly developed country that does not offer universal healthcare. On a global scale, the World Health Organization has noted that the world is off track in making progress towards universal health coverage, with improvements to health service coverage stagnating since 2015.
Top 10 Countries with Free Healthcare
Below, we have compiled a list of the top 10 countries with universal healthcare or public health insurance, considering accessibility, quality, and coverage of healthcare services.
Canada
Canada tops our list of countries with free healthcare systems. Medicare, the Canadian universal healthcare system, is publicly funded and run by individual provinces and territories.
Healthcare services are available to all Canadian citizens and permanent residents. Free healthcare services include doctor's visits, lab tests, hospital care, and prescription drugs.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom has a free and universal healthcare system called the National Health Service (NHS), which is praised for its accessibility and efficient primary care services. NHS free health care services are structured regionally and funded by the government through taxation.
All United Kingdom citizens and residents have access to comprehensive free health care services, including hospital care, medical consultations, doctor's visits, maternity care, mental health care, prescription medications, and more.
Australia
Australia stands out among the countries that have free healthcare. Known as Medicare, the Australian free healthcare system is funded through general taxation and offers essential healthcare services to citizens and permanent residents.
Residents have access to free basic medical services, hospital care, doctor's appointments, prescriptions, and some diagnostic tests. For high-quality services and faster access to specialists and elective procedures, Australians have the option of purchasing private health insurance.
Norway
The Norwegian universal healthcare system stands out among countries that have free healthcare because of low wait times, emphasis on patient outcomes, and quality of services. Norway’s healthcare system is funded through taxation and social security contributions and is available to all residents.
Free health care services include hospital care, prescription medication, and medical consultations. Individuals looking for additional coverage and faster access to services have the option to purchase private medical insurance.
Our Norway playbook can help you understand the country’s labor laws and regulations.
Germany
Germany is among the countries that have achieved universal health coverage through a government-run " sickness fund" that requires all citizens to have medical insurance. Germany's healthcare system is funded through a combination of taxes, social insurance contributions, and copayments.
That ensures all citizens and legal residents have access to comprehensive high-quality medical services, preventive care, long-term care, and more.
France
Listing countries with free healthcare is hard without mentioning France. Its universal health care system is reputed as one of the best in the world for accessibility, quality care, and efficiency.
Healthcare services, including hospital care, prescription drugs, and doctor's visits are available to all citizens, legal residents, and even visitors residing in the country for more than 3 months.
Sweden
Sweden has made it to our list of countries with free healthcare systems because it has achieved universal health coverage with comprehensive healthcare services. The Swedish healthcare system is government-funded and is accessible to all citizens and legal residents.
Residents have access to many healthcare services, including hospital care, maternity care, preventive services, primary care, specialist consultation, and dental care for children and young adults.
Brazil
Brazil stands out as the model of countries that have free healthcare. The Brazilian free and universal healthcare system is funded by the government and is accessible to any person in Brazil, including citizens, legal residents, tourists, and even refugees and immigrants.
Patients have access to free health care services at the point of care, including hospital care, outpatient care, vaccinations, surgeries, preventive care, and more.
South Korea
South Korea is among the countries with the best healthcare systems in the OECD funded through government subsidies and monthly contributions from both employees and employers.
The Korean universal health system is accessible to all Korean citizens, residents, and even foreigners. The government-run health system covers 60% of healthcare costs and the remaining expenses are covered through a private health insurance fund.
Denmark
Denmark closes our list of top ten countries with free healthcare. Denmark's free and universal healthcare system is government-funded through taxes and offers free healthcare services to all residents.
The country’s healthcare system is highly regarded for its patient-centric services, preventive care, and comprehensive access to medical services, including prescription medicine, doctor's visits, hospital care, and more.
Other Countries That Offer Universal Healthcare Systems
- Spain: Has a universal healthcare system (Sistema Nacional de Salud) that provides comprehensive coverage to all Spanish citizens and residents, funded through taxation.
- Italy: Offers universal healthcare through its National Health Service (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale), providing free or low-cost healthcare to all citizens and legal residents.
- Portugal: Has a National Health Service (Serviço Nacional de Saúde) that provides universal coverage to all citizens and residents.
- Finland: Offers a universal healthcare system funded by taxation and municipal funding, providing comprehensive coverage to all residents.
- Iceland: Has a universal healthcare system that covers all residents, with services largely free at the point of use.
- New Zealand: Provides publicly funded healthcare to all citizens, permanent residents, and some work visa holders.
- Japan: Has a universal healthcare system where all residents are required to have health insurance, either through an employer or the national health insurance program.
- Taiwan: Offers a single-payer National Health Insurance system that provides comprehensive coverage to all residents.
- Singapore: Has a universal healthcare system with a unique approach combining government subsidies with personal responsibility through mandatory savings.
- Israel: Provides universal healthcare coverage through four health maintenance organizations.
- Austria: Has a universal healthcare system funded through social security contributions and taxes.
- Belgium: Offers universal coverage through a compulsory health insurance system.
- Netherlands: Provides universal healthcare through a dual-level system where basic coverage is mandatory.
- Luxembourg: Has a universal healthcare system based on compulsory social health insurance.
- Switzerland: Offers universal coverage through mandatory private health insurance.
- Greece: Provides universal healthcare through its National Healthcare System (ESY).
- Ireland: Has a public healthcare system that provides services to all residents, though many opt for additional private insurance.
- Malta: Offers free public healthcare to all citizens and EU nationals.
- Slovenia: Provides universal healthcare through compulsory health insurance.
- Czech Republic: Has a universal healthcare system funded through mandatory insurance.
- Croatia: Offers universal healthcare through the Croatian Health Insurance Fund.
- Estonia: Provides universal healthcare through the Estonian Health Insurance Fund.
Challenges Facing Free Healthcare Systems
Free or universal healthcare systems around the world face several significant challenges that affect their sustainability, efficiency, and quality of care. Here are the major challenges:
1. Financial Sustainability
- Rising Healthcare Costs: Healthcare expenses are increasing faster than GDP growth in many countries due to aging populations, expensive new treatments, and advanced medical technologies.
- Budget Constraints: Governments face difficult decisions in allocating limited resources among competing priorities.
- Economic Downturns: During recessions, tax revenues decrease while healthcare demands often increase, creating funding gaps.
2. Demographic Challenges
- Aging Populations: Many countries with universal healthcare are experiencing rapidly aging populations, increasing the demand for healthcare services while reducing the proportion of working-age taxpayers.
- Chronic Disease Burden: The rise in non-communicable diseases (diabetes, heart disease, cancer) creates long-term treatment costs.
3. Access and Wait Times
- Long Wait Times: Many universal systems struggle with lengthy waiting periods for non-emergency procedures and specialist consultations.
- Geographic Disparities: Rural and remote areas often have less access to healthcare facilities and specialists compared to urban centers.
- Specialist Shortages: Certain medical specialties may have insufficient practitioners to meet demand.
4. Workforce Issues
- Healthcare Worker Shortages: Many countries face shortages of doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals.
- Burnout and Retention: High workloads and administrative burdens contribute to healthcare worker burnout and retention problems.
- Training Capacity: Limited capacity to train new healthcare professionals creates bottlenecks in workforce expansion.
5. Quality and Efficiency Concerns
- Balancing Quality and Cost: Systems must maintain quality standards while controlling costs.
- Administrative Inefficiencies: Bureaucratic processes can create waste and inefficiency.
- Variation in Care Standards: Quality of care may vary significantly between regions or facilities.
Managing a Global Workforce with Playroll
As healthcare policies worldwide continue to shift toward building free and universal government-funded healthcare systems, more countries are expected to join the list of countries with free healthcare.
That may impact where employees choose to live to access free or low-cost healthcare services or where businesses source talent to reduce workforce-related healthcare costs.
To help businesses navigate the challenge, Playroll offers HR solutions and Employer Of Record services for hassle-free management of a global workforce, including:
- Administering competitive, localized benefits for your team, with support from our team of local experts.
- Payroll's Global Talent Finder to source and hire the best talent.
- Payroll solutions to ensure accurate, on-time pay.
- HR support to help you relocate workers abroad.
- HR solutions and EOR support to manage remote teams effectively.
- EOR expertise to navigate regional employment regulations and ensure tax compliance.
- Country playbooks to help businesses understand country-specific labor laws and regulations in 180+ regions.
Book a demo with our team to find out how we can help you scale your remote team with ease.